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Particulate matter (PM) suspended in the atmosphere is a complex mixture of solid and liquid particles. This study will allow for a broader look at the potential of halotherapy in underground salt mines from a medical and regulatory point of view. The presence of salt particles and salty spray in the atmosphere of salt mine, which may have anti-inflammatory and antiallergic properties, is beneficial to human health. No potentially toxic elements or constituents were detected.
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These metals are released into air from both natural sources and the wear or/and corrosion of mining and tourists facilities in the underground functional space. NaCl dominated the water-soluble constituents, while Fe, Al, Ag, Mn, and Zn dominated the trace elements, with the concentration of majority of them below 30 ng/m 3. The amount of atmospheric dust components coming from the surface was low and decreased with the distance from the intake shaft, thus indicating the self-cleaning process. The total PM concentration in air varied between 21 and 79 μg/m 3 (with PM 4 constituting 4–24 μg/m 3). A genetic classification of the suspended matter was proposed and comprised three groups: geogenic (fragments of rock salt and associated minerals from the deposit), anthropogenic (carbon-bearing particles from tourist traffic and small amounts of fly ash, soot, and rust), and biogenic particles (occasional pollen). The content of carbon, water-soluble constituents, trace elements, and minerals was also determined. The particulate matter (PM) concentration was determined using the gravimetric method by weighing quartz filters.
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Air samples were collected on filters by using portable air pumps, in a historical underground salt mine in Bochnia (Poland), which is currently a touristic and recreation attraction and sanatorium. The composition of aerosols in air was also evaluated from the perspective of human health.
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The composition and distribution of airborne particles in different locations in a salt mine were determined in terms of their origin, the distance from the air inlet, and the adaptation of post-mining chambers and corridors for tourists and general audience.